ប្រភេទរបស់កុំព្យូទ័រ-Types of Computer

តើអ្នកដឹងទេថា កុំព្យូទ័រត្រូវបានគេចែកចេញជាប៉ុន្មានប្រភេទ?

គិតមកដល់បច្ចុប្បន្ននេះកុំព្យូទ័រត្រូវបានគេចែកចេញជា ៤ ប្រភេទធំៗគឺ៖

១- Microcomputer
ជាប្រភេទកុំព្យូទ័រទូទៅដែលគេនិយមយកទៅប្រើក្នុងកិច្ចការងាររដ្ឋបាល មន្ទីរពេទ្យ សំណង់ សាលារៀន គណនេយ្យ រចនា និងការងារផ្សេងៗទៀត គេហៅវាថា Microcomputer ឬ Personal computer “PC” ដែល PC នេះចែកចេញជាពីរប្រភេទទៀតគឺ៖ Desktop Computer និង Laptop Computer ។

២- Minicomputer

ជាប្រភេទកុំព្យូទ័រធុនមធ្យម ដែលគេនិយមយកទៅប្រើធ្វើជាម៉ាស៊ីនកុំព្យូទ័រមេ (Server) នៅក្នុងក្រុមហ៊ុនខ្នាតតូច គេអាចហៅវាថាជា Midrange-computer ។  

(Texas Instrument TI-990)

៣- Mainframe Computer

ជាប្រភេទម៉ាស៊ីនកុំព្យូទ័រមេ (Server) ខ្នាតធំ ដែលមាន CPU, Hard Disk, RAM ច្រើនល្បឿនលឿន និងទំហំធំ ដែលគេនិយមយកវាទៅប្រើក្នុងក្រុមហ៊ុនធំៗ។

៤- Supercomputer

ជាប្រភេទម៉ាស៊ីនកុំព្យូទ័រមេខ្នាតធំបំផុតដែលមានតម្លៃថ្លៃ មានអត្ថប្រយោជន៍ជាច្រើនសម្រាប់ការប្រើប្រាស់ការងារ ធំៗដែលគេនិយមយកទៅប្រើប្រាស់នៅក្នុងក្រុមហ៊ុន ឬ អង្គភាពធំៗល្បីៗមួយចំនួននៅលើពិភពលោកដូចជា អង្គការ NASA ជាដើម។

References:

Since the advent of the first computer different types and sizes of computers are offering different services. Computers can be as big as occupying a large building and as small as a laptop or a micro-controller in mobile & embedded systems.

The four basic types of computers are as under:

Microcomputer

Desktop computers, laptops, personal digital assistant (PDA), tablets & smartphones are all types of microcomputers. The micro-computers are widely used & the fastest growing computers. These computers are the cheapest among the other three types of computers. The Micro-computers are specially designed for general usage like entertainment, education and work purposes. Well known manufacturers of Micro-computer are Dell, Apple, Samsung, Sony & Toshiba.

Desktop computers, Gaming consoles, Sound & Navigation system of a car, Netbooks, Notebooks, PDA’s, Tablet PC’s, Smartphones, Calculators are all type of Microcomputers.

Minicomputer

Minicomputers are used by small businesses & firms. Minicomputers are also called as “Midrange Computers”. These are small machines and can be accommodated on a disk with not as processing and data storage capabilities as super-computers & Mainframes. These computers are not designed for a single user. Individual departments of a large company or organizations use Mini-computers for specific purposes. For example, a production department can use Mini-computers for monitoring certain production process.

Popular Minicomputers

• K-202
• Texas Instrument TI-990
• SDS-92
• IBM Midrange computers

Mainframe Computer

Although Mainframes are not as powerful as supercomputers, but certainly they are quite expensive nonetheless, and many large firms & government organizations uses Mainframes to run their business operations. The Mainframe computers can be accommodated in large air-conditioned rooms because of its size. Super-computers are the fastest computers with large data storage capacity, Mainframes can also process & store large amount of data. Banks educational institutions & insurance companies use mainframe computers to store data about their customers, students & insurance policy holders.

Popular Mainframe computers:

• Fujitsu’s ICL VME
• Hitachi’s Z800

Supercomputer

The most powerful computers in terms of performance and data processing are the Supercomputers. These are specialized and task specific computers used by large organizations. These computers are used for research and exploration purposes, like NASA uses supercomputers for launching space shuttles, controlling them and for space exploration purpose.
The supercomputers are very expensive and very large in size. It can be accommodated in large air-conditioned rooms; some super computers can span an entire building.


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